The oldest part of the “Fortezza Vecchia” is the “Torre Quadrata” (Square Tower), which once guarded the Pisan port, its lower part still visible now.The round tower known as “Mastio di Matilde” (Matilda's Keep) was built after 1241 or even later. Matilda of Tuscany died in 1115, so the attribution is obviously wrong.
Since the second half of the 14th century the two towers were surrounded by by a wall called “Quadratura dei Pisani” (Pisans' Square Fort).
The fort guarded the southern entrance of the almost interred old Pisan port and the “Pamiglione”, the oldest part of the harbor of Livorno. With the construction of the “Fortezza Vecchia” the older structures were included in its walls.
The Florentine lily, a later addition to the round tower.See also: Piazza dei Grani - Scalo Regio - Porta del Duca
Cortile d'Arme - Capitana - Ampolletta - Molo del Soccorso
Canaviglia - Palazzo di Francesco - From the Top
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